Manifesto of the People-First Tourism Movement


We seek a world where travelers develop deep connections with their hosts, are transformed by the genuine local cultures they experience, and improve the lives of the people they visit.

Hosts

All people have knowledge and experiences they want to share with others.  This is especially true for hosts who are marginalized and who are often the last bastions of traditional cultures and associated ways of living and knowing.  With mentoring and support, many of these hosts will emerge as successful tourism microentrepreneurs sharing knowledge, passions, and communities with empathetic visitors.

Communities are complex with constantly evolving factions that use their various capitals to compete, complement, and collaborate with each other.  Some people are better equipped than others to embrace opportunities brought by tourism and, as a result, tourism often fails to improve livelihoods of the least resourced members of host communities.  Therefore, there is a need to deliberately plan tourism development in ways that enable equitable prosperity.

Guests

Immersive experiences into other ways of living bring perspective on what is important in life and foster tolerance towards others.  Discerning travelers embrace the cultural and physical discomforts inherent to sojourning in unfamiliar places because these experiences help visitors reconsider certainties and embrace diversity.

Visitors are guests in their destination communities. The mobility and affluence of travelers affords them privilege over their hosts and, as a result, they should always behave with appreciation towards locals and ensure that the community benefits from their presence. 

The industry

The tourism industry must pursue business strategies that enable equitable prosperity in host communities.  Predatory business practices lead host communities to resist tourism development because community members feel invaded and exploited, which ultimately damages visitor experiences and the bottom line.  Conversely, discerning travelers want host communities to prosper in the wake of their visits; therefore, an increasingly well-informed marketplace provides competitive advantages to locally responsible companies.

Local governments and organizations

Local governments and grassroots organizations must be persistent in facilitating local participation and ownership of tourism.  Host communities need their leaders and civic organizations to understand economic forces of tourism and to strive to make tourism serve the interests of their constituents.  Civic and democratic processes of community involvement in tourism planning and ownership will ensure that tourism generates long-term culturally appropriate livelihood opportunities to diverse social groups.

Influencers

Travel writers must act as ambassadors for host communities and cannot simply write what their audiences want to read or what the industry wants to sell. Travel writers inspire travelers to imagine new exciting journeys, influence travel plans, and shape traveler expectations of the destinations they will visit.  Therefore, travel writers must collaborate with hosts to relate the sites, stories, people and culture that the community wants to share with potential visitors.  When travel writers concentrate on magnifying the voices of host communities, they are enabling these communities to harness the power of tourism to improve their lives.

Academia

All tourism scholarship must determine how to make tourism a better force for equitable and sustainable development.  Academics, consultants, and other tourism observers know that tourism is often manipulated by commercial interests to achieve short-term self-benefit at the expense of the dignity and prosperity of host communities.  Therefore, taking no side in this unbalanced setting under the guise of scientific neutrality is ethically questionable because it implies complicity with forces and institutions that exploit host communities and destroy the environment. 


Written by: Duarte B. Morais

With contribution and endorsement by:  Ranjan Bandyopadhyay, Elizabeth Benefield, John Bass, Kelly S. Bricker, Gene Brothers, John Dattilo, Bruno Ferreira, Jim Hickey, Jafar Jafari, Albert Kimbu, Shahab Nazariadli, Deidre Peroff, K. Rice-Gira, Susanne D. Morais, Aurea Rodrigues, Marcelino de Souza, Adriana Szabo, Kazem Vadafari, Tim Wallace, Yasong (Alex) Wang, Alex Trupp, Elizabeth Abba, Karina Solha, Dickson Shekivuli, Diana Z. Castelblanco, David Edgell,  Sabine Müller, Stefania D. Escobar.

[Original in PDF]

[Portuguese translation by Rodrigues, Solha and Souza]

[Chinese translation by Wang]

[Romanian translation by Szabo] 

[Afrikaans translation by Hoogendoorn]

[Persian translation by Nazariadli and Ghahramani] 

[Korean translation by Lee]

[Fijian translation by Matatolu] 
 


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  1. This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.

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  4. I agree that there is a need to plan tourism development in ways that help the local communities. I think that it starts with education for both the hosts and the guests on the subject. That way there will be improvement, and effort from both sides. They can learn what they need to do in order to fix the issue of the livelihood of the host communities. In all, I agree with the statements made in this blog.

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  5. I love the idea of the "Influencers" section, but I think some of the verbiage could use an update. Using the term "travel writer" seems a bit restrictive and out-dated. I immediately think of someone writing a magazine article for some media giant, and in that case, they WOULD be writing about what would sell and what the audience would want. With the rise in popularity of blogs over the past decade, it's no longer necessary to work for a big magazine to have people see your work. I think updating the text to read "travel blogger" would be more current and inclusive. With the rise of platforms such as Instagram and Snapchat, many bloggers have moved away from strictly writing towards more photo and video content. There are a good number of these bloggers who have developed a large following, and many of them have done so by showcasing locations/activities that sway from the typical tourist trap. These are the type of people who could really get the word out about P1T and this kind of tourism. I think that this is a very important section to include, but updating the term could make it stronger.

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    1. Hi Cortney. Thanks for this comment. We are grappling with this dilemma. Our destination marketing partners talk to us often about digital influencers, i.e., travel bloggers. But many of them also write for print media, of post videos on Youtube and other video platforms. In addition, we are increasingly curious about Insiders. We think of insiders as influencers that belong to the destination community; i.e., local people that talk about their communities to potential visitors. Much to think about. Thanks again for your comment.

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  6. Whenever I think of traveling/vacation, I think of a tourist with a camera who, for the next week, is going to spend and waste excessively as well as take upon themselves a sense of carelessness. This carelessness applies not only towards the environment but also towards the host community. It’s a mindset of “how am I going to best benefit from this place and these people?” I’m guilty of this and I’m sure that the majority of travelers are as well which is why P1T is so neat and necessary. The entire manifesto advocates for a sense of responsibility that guests need to embody, “they should always behave with appreciation towards locals and ensure that the community benefits from their presence.” P1T is standing up for the little guy in a society that is dominated by companies who believe that it’s a dog-eat-dog world. I can't wait to see what's next for them!

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  8. I really appreciate seeing the manifesto translated into so many languages. Making the manifesto available to a much larger audience is essential in making this a global movement. If you are interested I would be happy to ask some colleagues to translate this into Spanish. I also feel translating the manifesto into Hindi, Arabic and more of the most spoken languages in the world will further this movement.

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    1. Thank you Britt. I wonder if you had the chance to share the manifestor with non-English speakers during your international travels this year. Cheers.

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  9. Throughout this manifesto, the "hosts" section really stuck out to me. No one knows a destination better than the person who calls that place home. It is important for the people who live through that culture to share their knowledge and passion with visitors. I feel as if it makes the visitors have a sense of connection with the locals and it will allow them to appreciate the experience more.

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  10. I think one of the biggest problems in tourism today is the idea of tourists being special guests. Yes, I think its important for locals to make tourists feel welcomed and wanted, but treating tourists in a special way to milk money out of them feeds into the idea of communities selling themselves to tourism. A community that operates around its guests loses itself and a focus on the local people and what they want and need. Tourists should visit a place and seek to blend in, not be served by the community. Hosts should make guests feel welcome, but not be forced to change their routines or their ways to accommodate tourists. When they do that, tourists lose the gift of experiencing a place for what it truly is. Idealistic tourism would be if tourists could be a fly on the wall, not interrupting or influencing the local culture. I agree with what this manifesto says, that guests should embrace the discomfort of being in a strange place, and that they should always be thankful and grateful to their hosts and the community.

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  11. I also agree with the need to increase tourist development to help the local communities because this is where the profit will come from. If you don't build on the community and enhance it more; tourist won't be interested. Nobody wants to tour a place that's worn out or not appealing. I think that it should start with the plan to improve education because that's where the future realtors, sales associates, lawyers, doctors, teachers, etc. lies. Second I would work on building new buildings for art, history and also shopping centers and convenient stores to help make the community more appealing and interesting for tourist.

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  13. I have just recently been introduced to people first tourism but I am all for this idea 100%. As a sustainable tourism major, I strive to express the significance and importance of a tourist and the considerable impact their actions and decisions have on the economy, land, natural resources, surrounding communities, and so forth. The objective of people first tourism showcases how tourism should operate and is slowly raising awareness and changing the way we view tourism. Everyone travels for different reasons—to escape life, knock off bucket list items, party, experience new cultures, etc—whatever the underlying reason of traveling might be, the outcome generally is the same. Tourism both benefits and damages the destination area regardless of how conscious the traveler may be, however, with the resources and encouragement provided by P1T, these impacts can be shifted to shine light on marginalized microentrepreneurs all across the world and I think that’s so phenomenal. There is no better way to experience a culture or learn about a destination than to engage and interact with a local!! I hope P1T will grow and expand to a global level changing the game of tourism from operating at a large-scale corporate level to local, indigenous, community level. Pretty excited to share this new organization and encourage tourists to indulge in what the local entrepreneurs have to offer.

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  14. The wholistic view of P1T is a refreshing approach to the exploding tourism industry. Guests are seeking genuinely authentic experiences worldwide, and this site acts as a network for local microentrepreneurs to proudly display what their community brings to the table. Analyzing the relationships between the different stakeholders that make up the tourism industry is key to educating tourists on how to better interact with and positively impact local communities, and this manifesto does a great job of highlighting those connections. It's interesting that a singular person can take on different roles at any point in the industry, from being a local host to becoming a tourist, we have the ability to learn about and influence the industry from every perspective. If we globally adopted this philosophy of People First Tourism over the commercialized mass tourism model that we typically see in modern society, we could revolutionize the industry through globalization and cultural appreciation. This means travelers can actively learn about and improve the lives of the people they are visiting, and vise-versa.

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  15. The wholistic view of P1T is a refreshing approach to the exploding tourism industry. Guests are seeking genuinely authentic experiences worldwide, and this site acts as a network for local microentrepreneurs to proudly display what their community brings to the table. Analyzing the relationships between the different stakeholders that make up the tourism industry is key to educating tourists on how to better interact with and positively impact local communities, and this manifesto does a great job of highlighting those connections. It's interesting that a singular person can take on different roles at any point in the industry, from being a local host to becoming a tourist, we have the ability to learn about and influence the industry from every perspective. If we globally adopted this philosophy of People First Tourism over the commercialized mass tourism model that we typically see in modern society, we could revolutionize the industry through globalization and cultural appreciation. This means travelers can actively learn about and improve the lives of the people they are visiting, and vise-versa.

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  16. I love the equitable and sustainable message that this manifesto delivers. Tourism is much more than all-inclusive resorts and popular destinations; it is about people. I particularly love the statement under the "Hosts" section: "All people have knowledge and experiences they want to share with others." You do not have to fly thousands of miles away to see or learn something spectacular, nor do you have to spend a bunch of money. You can find a quality tourism experience in your own state, even in your own county. I love how P1T markets these tourism experiences, making them easier to find. I also think that the "Influencer" section of this manifesto is very necessary. Nowadays with the popularity of social media, it is crucial for a tourism experience to have good reviews. If tourism bloggers write great things about these sustainable tourism experiences, people are more likely to visit and benefit the local people.

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  17. I really found the remarks about academia interesting. As someone looking into continuing my education and going into tourism research, I never really put much thought into how trying to remain neutral in such an unbalanced setting is not doing the host communities justice. With the difference in influence of the stakeholders in any given destination, it is important to be sure that those who have to live in these communities with the day to day effects of tourism are given a voice and an opportunity to have their opinions heard against the wishes of more influential corporations or predatory businesses who don't reinvest profits back into the community that is allowing them to make their money.

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  18. Reading the influencer section really represented the importance of ideas like this blog. Giving a voice to those in host communities and allowing them to share what makes their home special will push others to want to visit. I never actually thought about how people in host communities or destinations in general can really express their thoughts and experience. Blogs and social media are great ways now for people to share experiences and give insight to others on where they recommend visiting through sharing times they had with locals.

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  19. This manifesto really captures the true elements of tourism. So many people are blinded to what true tourism should really be and how to properly support a community through this industry. It was nice to see emphasized in this that visitors to a certain destination should never take advantage of their host or community, as they are a guest. The opportunities presented through People-First Tourism not only benefit the host and their community, but it simultaneously educates the visitor on how to act when being a tourist. Rather than considering an all inclusive resort where the locals are marginalized and money goes toward big companies, tourists will begin exploring smaller scale opportunities where money is poured back into the respective community, and hosts are recognized for their authenticity and efforts. I hope that the mindset and manifesto of People-First Tourism can reach communities throughout the world and alter the common conception of what tourism is.

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  20. I found that this summary defined the problem of the industry of mass tourism well in a succinct manner. Both the problem of locals resisting tourism is presented as well as the benefit of tourists innately wanting to help the locals. P1T seeks to do this in a way that benefits both the locals and the tourists.

    TD

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  21. I believe what makes tourism fascinating is the concept of learning about the cultures of places you visit. P1T ensures that this concept is applied to all their guests and visitors. Being able to connect with the host on a cultural level can be beneficial to the guest and the host in ways that are unthinkable. P1T is different because they actually engage the guests in the life of the locals and hosts. Many people will journey and take trips with no attempt to communicate with the locals and I find this very backwards. Traveling is the best way to meet new people and understand the backgrounds of all types of cultures. P1T is helping bridge the gap between visitors and locals and is doing a great job.

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  22. I think P1T is a great idea for growing sustainable tourism in our local community. Bringing together cultural experiences and deep local connections is a productive way to enjoy a new type of tourism. Having a diverse investor group will improve the overall product of tourism P1T provides and is trying to connect people together.

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  23. Tourism is a section of business that solemnly goes unnoticed, compared to commercial businesses. P1T helps bring to life the most exciting and intuitive aspects of what makes tourism so special. Allowing cultures to spread and awareness of tourism affects is a main goal for the P1T organization. Allowing tourists to experience what it is like to truly be a part of another culture and experience what makes tourism so special. P1T gives tourists the opportunity to become a part of a new culture in a new destination and experience the positive effects of tourism. P1T is in place to give a balance of positivity to both the tourists and the hosts. Engaging both the tourists and the local hosts will improve the lives of the people that P1T visits. Commercialized tourism has taken away from the roots of what makes these trips so special, P1T is helping tourists and locals understand how tourism can have positive effects by giving the tourists positive cultural awareness and the locals gain a way of living through crafts and activities.

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  24. As tourists, we have to remember that is extremely important for us to treat locals with respect and courtesy. We are visiting their homes and are guests into their country and we want to show appreciation. We need to make aware that the locals are making a difference to the community and helping out themselves and their families as well.

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  25. I thoroughly enjoyed reading through this manifesto and found myself questioning my own behaviors while vacationing in other places. I feel that tourists often want to feel special when they are visiting a new site, when in reality, they are outsiders in the host community. I especially liked the "Guests" section which highlighted this issue and gave suggestions to guests as to how they behave in a destination. I also really enjoyed reading the "Influencers" section of the manifesto. In an age of social media, sharing the culture of communities and stories of people in these destinations is easier than ever and has the potential to reach more and more people. P1T is so important in the tourism industry today and I am excited to see where P1T is heading!

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  26. Being a sustainable tourism major the idea of People First Tourism really catches my eye. All too often smaller businesses are overlooked in the market and are overshadowed by bigger, more "comfortable" attractions. As mentioned in the manifesto, I support the idea and understand the importance of travelers building connections with their hosts. Becoming a part of the local community will enhance the experience of the participant while also benefitting the smaller businesses. The final part of the manifesto is worded very well. There are a lot of ways that it could be worded where the traveller is put above the experience provider and it then becomes patronizing. The wording of "improve the lives of the people they visit" shows that the choice to go with a more genuine tourism experience not only benefits the traveller, but also the provider. It takes the idea from charity to supporting locals.

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  28. This manifesto sets the tone and the benchmark for the tourism industry. This is the ideal model should be the case that how tourism suppose to develop. It’s a mutual result of many perspectives from different stakeholders. Most importantly, stay neutral to an unfair phenomenal in tourism is wrong. By staying neutral, the one is conniving such exploit on the tourism destination.

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  29. While reading the manifesto, I appreciate the inclusion of the importance of a government invested in the success of tourism. Not many people realize that most hosts rely on a compliant and helpful government for help, whether it be with obtaining permits, land or anything else that the host needs to be successful.
    I also agree with the "Guests" section. Most tourists go for the "tacky, tourist destinations", which usually don't provide them with a real feel and understanding of the area and culture that they are vacationing in. With going to local vendors and hosts, people will be given a true experience of what it is like in the given area and they will leave more fulfilled. People-First Tourism is a great way to get people to stray off the beaten path and gain more memorable experiences!

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  30. I am very inspired by this article, especially by the host and guest section. Not many people are looking at the tourism industry this way and I think P1T captured the elements of tourism. I agree that tourism development needs to be planned in ways that will benefit the local communities. All in all, these people are the ones making unforgettable memories, sharing their knowledge and bringing their culture closer to us, the guests. As this article states, tourism shouldn't be manipulated by commercial interests at the expense of dignity and prosperity of the local communities. However, there is a need for understanding on both sides.

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  31. This article really stuck out to me. Especially the "guests" section. One line that especially stuck out was the following: "The mobility and affluence of travelers affords them privilege over their hosts and, as a result, they should always behave with appreciation towards locals and ensure that the community benefits from their presence." When we are a guest in a different country/town/state, etc. we have to remember that we are coming into a place that we locals call home and spend all their lives protecting. It is important that tourists are extremely respectful of not only the space that they are coming into, but also the people that inhabit that space. Doing these things will ensure that travelers will development a special connection with their hosts, which is a goal of P1T.

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  32. I think that this article does a good job pointing out the moving parts of the tourism industry that make it what it is. I like that it is pointed out that the guests of host communities hold a lot of power when it comes to how a community is impacted. Ultimately, we have the option to choose if we want to go to the big inclusive resort or stay a little less comfortable, but be truly immersed in a place while supporting local tourism. Even though travelers are on vacation, does not mean they can take the time to help support a local culture. As a whole, I really like how this article portrays what the tourism industry should look like and I hope it can eventually be achieved.

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  33. I think that people first tourism is the ideal situation of how we can improve tourism for everyone who is involved in it. It goes back to the main concepts of sustainable tourism which involves the economy, environment and social/community efforts. I love the concept of people first tourism by giving the entrepreneurs the opportunities to grow their businesses in an organic way and spreading news about their services. The part that gets left out of major tourism is the social and community efforts which I think people first tourism does a fantastic job of incorporating and focusing on the communities needs first and building up from there. I hope that people first tourism can be an inspirational pioneer for the way tourism is going now and show the rest of the world how we can sustainably travel and immerse ourselves in to different cultures without being harmful.

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  34. I think that people first tourism is the ideal situation of how we can improve tourism for everyone who is involved in it. It goes back to the main concepts of sustainable tourism which involves the economy, environment and social/community efforts. I love the concept of people first tourism by giving the entrepreneurs the opportunities to grow their businesses in an organic way and spreading news about their services. The part that gets left out of major tourism is the social and community efforts which I think people first tourism does a fantastic job of incorporating and focusing on the communities needs first and building up from there. I hope that people first tourism can be an inspirational pioneer for the way tourism is going now and show the rest of the world how we can sustainably travel and immerse ourselves in to different cultures without being harmful.

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  35. I find that the coordination with local and state governments in particular is critical to the larger goals of P1T. It seems that most case-studies of poorly planned tourism destinations stem from systemic problems and oversights that did not account for all pillars of sustainability. Getting local governments to actively use best-practices of sustainable development as they apply to tourism seems critical to ensuring development positively impacts their communities. By coordinating and informing/influencing the public sector to truly think and plan for tourism development, P1T can achieve the knock-on effect of holding governing bodies accountable for their economic, environmental, and social prioritization for their areas.

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  36. I thought this article was very well put together and really brought out the main goals of P1T. While reading the article, I was thinking about the many times that I have traveled somewhere, was I actually helping the host community out or was I just sending all my money in big known restaurants/stores. When we are in these destinations we don’t realize that we might be hurting the community by not keeping the money in. With P1T, we have a better understanding of how we can help the communities grow without excluding the locals and their marketplaces. With the project, we want to be able to get the travelers genuinely interested in helping impact the communities in positive ways. Having someone who knows how the tourism industry works and being determined to help others really inspires me to do something similar.

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  37. P1T's manifesto really strikes a note with in regards to the new "discerning" traveler wanting their money to make a positive impact in the communities they visit. This premise of a new consumer is the market that People First Tourism is trying to cater to, and without it the business and micro-entrepreneurs would not survive. As we move forward, I believe that this segment will continue to grow, but will never become a majority. Gluttonous and luxurious vacation/travel has become ingrained in culture across the globe, specifically in lower socio-economic populations that view trips as an escape from their everyday life, and want to consume differently than they are usually granted. P1T's approach to tourism is the healthiest way to go about travel, and will continue to evolve with the market it serves.

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